Which of the following is NOT an application-layer protocol in the TCP/IP protocol suite?

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT an application-layer protocol in the TCP/IP protocol suite?

Explanation:
Application-layer protocols provide services directly to applications and typically run over TCP or UDP. DHCP, DNS, and FTP do this: DHCP configures hosts, DNS resolves names to IPs, and FTP transfers files. ARP works differently. It maps IPv4 addresses to MAC addresses on the local network and operates at the boundary between the Internet and the data-link layers. ARP does not use TCP or UDP, and it isn’t invoked by an application to communicate over the network. Instead, ARP messages are exchanged to enable proper delivery of IP packets on the local link. Because of its placement and purpose, ARP is not an application-layer protocol.

Application-layer protocols provide services directly to applications and typically run over TCP or UDP. DHCP, DNS, and FTP do this: DHCP configures hosts, DNS resolves names to IPs, and FTP transfers files. ARP works differently. It maps IPv4 addresses to MAC addresses on the local network and operates at the boundary between the Internet and the data-link layers. ARP does not use TCP or UDP, and it isn’t invoked by an application to communicate over the network. Instead, ARP messages are exchanged to enable proper delivery of IP packets on the local link. Because of its placement and purpose, ARP is not an application-layer protocol.

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